Glossary
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Barberry Berberis vulgaris
Perennial shrub with smooth, gray bark. At each branch, there are 3 sharp spines up to an inch long. Yellow flowers bloom at the ends of branches, hanging down in 2 1/2 inch racemes. learn more >>
Basil Ocimum basilicum
Annual with leafy stems, it produces white, two-lipped flowers in racemes at the tops of stems. Its leaves are yellow-green to dark green, and it yields tiny, dark brown seeds. Blooms July to August. learn more >>
Bayberry Myrica cerifera
Perennial evergreen shrub with waxy branches that grows up to 35 feet. It produces yellowish flowers in catkins from March to April, followed by nutlets that are coated in a thick, whitish gray wax. learn more >>
Bean Leaves Phaseolus vulgaris
Slender-stemmed, annual climber with pointed oval leaflets, curly tendrils, clusters of white or lilac flowers, and a bean pod containing kidney-shaped seeds. Blooms: July-September. Height: Up to 12 feet learn more >>
Beth Root Trillium erectum
Its shape is reminiscent of Ginseng root. The simple stems range from 3 to 30 inches high, rising from the apex of a blunt tuber-like rhizome from one half to one and a half inches thick. The leaves are from 2 to 15 inches long, and are net veined and somewhat mottled. learn more >>
Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus
It is a deciduous shrub that turns yellow-green, then red in the fall. It's height is 1-2 feet with a width of 3-4 feet. The fruit resembles currants, slightly acidic, globe-shaped, 1/3 inch in diameter and purple. Blooms from late May to August. learn more >>
Black Cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa
Graceful, towering plant when in bloom with a height of 3-6 feet and a width of 2 feet. The rhizome is thick, hard, knotty, with short branches and a bitter, acrid taste. It blooms July to August and is native to Canada and the eastern US. learn more >>
Black Radish Raphanus sativus niger
Erect annual or biennial with pinnately lobed or entire leaves and yellow, violet, or lilac flowers. It bears a cylindrical fruit pod which is not constricted between the seeds. Height: Up to 1.5 meters learn more >>
Black Walnut Juglans nigra
Deciduous tree with almost black bark divided into rough ridges by deep, narrow furrows. Alternate leaflets are finely toothed and come 12-23 per stem. Scented flowers are followed by clusters of 2-3 shelled fruit in thick, fleshy, aromatic husks. Blooms: May-June. Height: 120 feet or more learn more >>
Blackberry Leaves Rubus fructicosus
Sprawling shrub with woody and densely prickled stems extending up to 15 feet. Hairy dark green leaves are grouped in threes or fives. White or pale pink flowers follow. Fleshy black berries can appear along with flowers. Blooms: Mid-summer to mid-autumn learn more >>
Bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus
Strong-smelling, fan-shaped seaweed with a thin, leathery texture. The perennial frond is yellow to brownish green in color and 3 feet long. learn more >>
Blessed Thistle Cnicus benedictus
A prickly, rounded bush with a height of 2 feet and a width of 1.5 feet. The leaves are prickly with pale veins, deeply indented with veins and surrounded by sharp, 1-inch spines. learn more >>
Blue Flag Iris versicolor
Perennial iris with a thick, coarse stem bearing long, sword-shaped, pale green leaves. Flowers are purple-blue to violet, having white or yellow markings at the base of petals, followed by leathery seed pods. Height: Up to 40 inches. Blooms: May-June learn more >>
Blue Malva Malva sylvestris
Perennial, deciduous, herbaceous plant which often grows up to 4 feet. Erect, branched and woody stem having lilac flowers with purple veins. The fruit resembles tiny, flattened Dutch cheese and is composed of a dozen or more segments containing a single, curved seed. Blooms: June-August learn more >>
Blue Vervain Verbena hastata
Deep blue flowers on dense, bristly flower spikes, this perennial grows 3-5 feet in height. It has opposite leaves with toothed lobes. learn more >>
Borage Borago officinalis
Prickly, bush herb with a height of 2 feet and width of 2.5 feet. Flowers are star-shaped, blue, about 1 inch wide, with hairy backs, growing in great profusion. The fruit are relatively large black seeds. Blooms from May to September. learn more >>
Buchu Barosma crenulata or Agathosma crenulata
Aromatic shrub with elongated, opposite, oval leaves and white or pink star-like flowers. The small green fruits are 5-parted capsules that split open to release seeds. Height: 1.5-2.5 meters learn more >>
Burdock Arctium lappa
Coarse plant with many branches, each stem has a bristly flower with is actually a clump of small, purplish red blossoms in an armored burr. It has large, wavy, egg-shaped leaves. It grows up to 6 feet and blooms in summer. learn more >>
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